SPICE ROUTE AUTHORITY AND LEGITIMACY IN THE PROCESS OF RECONSTRUCTING NATIONAL HISTORY THROUGH CULTURAL-HISTORICAL NARRATIVE

Dewi Kumoratih

Abstract


This study discusses the dynamics of relations and contestation between society, corporations and the state, in its attempt to redefine Indonesian identity and to reconstruct national history through the invention of tradition. This study aims to describe the process of interaction that occurs behind the reconstruction of the history of spice route in Indonesia by its actors, both theoretically and empirically. Through this research, I would like to show that the process of reconstruction of national history is not always inititated by political and state elites as the highest authority. I conducted this research through comparative methods, direct observation, participant-observation, indepth interview, descriptive and reflective analysis. Based on the research conducted, I have discovered that, (1) democratization became a sphere where negotiation of contesting ideas of society, corporations, and the state, took place due to equality in authority and legitimacy; (2) relativity of legitimacy mechanisms as a result of parallel relations and the absence of dominant authority; (3) a two-way cycle of legitimacy as a consequence of democratization; and (4) free interpretation of market-oriented ideology. In conclusion, the process of reinvention of tradition within cultural-historical narrative reconstruction that is completely disconnected from the dominant authority's intervention leads to a new meaning that reduces the political ideology to become highly market-oriented.

keyword: spice route, Authority and legitimacy, Invention of Tradition, Market Oriented Ideology, Reproduction of Nationalism




Full Text:

PDF

References


Alisjahbana, S. T. (1948). Menuju Masyarakat dan Kebudayaan Baru, Indonesia - Prae - Indonesia. In S. T. Alisjahbana, S. Pane, Purbatjaraka, Sutomo, Tjindarbumi, Adinegoro, et al., & B. Pustaka (Ed.), Polemik Kebudayaan, Pergulatan Pemikiran Terbesar dalam Sejarah Kebangsaan Indonesia (pp. 3-15). Jakarta, Indonesia:

Balai Pustaka.

Andaya, L. (2002). Daya Tarik Rempah. In A. Reid, & K. H. Saputra (Ed.), Indonesian Heritage Sejarah Modern Awal (M. Soerachman, Trans., Vol. 3). Jakarta, Indonesia: Buku Antar Bangsa.

Andaya, L. Y. (1993). The World of Maluku. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism. London, United Kingdom: Verso.

Anderson, B. (1999). Indonesian Nationalism Today and in the Future. Indonesia, 67.

Andra, P. (2016, November 2). Jalur Rempah, Kisah Panji dan Kita. Diunduh dari Pusat Konservasi Budaya Panji: http://budayapanji.com/informasi/ p=503

Azra, A. (2015). Jalur Rempah Bukan Jalur Sutra Maritim. Museum Week Jalur Rempah. Jakarta: Yayasan Bina Museum Indonesia.

Bennett, T. (1995). The Birth of the Museum: History, Theory, Politics. New York: Routledge.

Berezin, M. (2009). Review on Nations Matter: Culture, History and the Cosmopolitan Dream. Contemporary Sociology , 38 (1), 53-54.

Calhoun, C. (2007). Nations Matter. Culture, History and the Cosmopolitan Dream. New York, USA: Routledge.

Centre for Strategic and International Studies. (2015). The Future of Seas in East Asia, Forging a Common Maritime Future in ASEAN and Japan. Jakarta, Indonesia: Centre for Strategic and International Studies.

Chin, T. (2013). The Invention of the Silk Road, 1877. Critical Inquiry , 40 (1), 194-219.

Damuri, Y. R., Atje, R., Alenxandra, L. A., & Soedjito, A. (2014). A Maritime Silk Road and Indonesia's Perspective of Maritime State: A Final Report Prepared for The Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Republic of Indonesia. Centre for Strategic and International Studies, CSIS Working Paper Series. Jakarta: Centre for Strategic and International Studies.

Daniels, T. (1999). Imagining Selves and Inventing Festival Sriwijaya. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies , 30 (1), 38-53.

De Battlemont, L. (1990, September). UNESCO Sources. (R. Lefort, Ed.) Following the Silken Thread. Silk Road: A Dialogue Renewed , 18, p. 14.

Denton, K. A. (2005). Museums, Memorial Sites and Exhibitionary Culture in the People's

Republic of China. The China Quarterly - Culture in the Contemporary PRD , 183,

-586.

Djafar, H. (2010). Kompleks Percandian Batujaya, Rekonstruksi Sejarah Kebudayaan

Daerah Pantai Utara Jawa Barat. Bandung: Kiblat Buku Utama.

Djafar, H. (2012). Masa Akhir Majapahit, Girindrawarddhana dan Masalahnya (4 ed.).

Depok: Komunitas Bambu.

Duncan, C. (1995). Civilizing Rituals, Inside Public Art Museums. London, United Kingdom:

Routledge.

Gay y Blasco, P., & Wardle, H. (2007). How to Read Ethnography. New York: Routledge.

Geertz, C. (1973). Thick Description: Toward and Interpretive Theory of Culture. In C. Geert, The Interpretation of Cultures (pp. 3-30). New York, New York, USA: Basic Books.

Gellner, E. (1983). Nations and Nationalism, New Perspective on the Past. Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell Publisher.

Gille, Z., & O'Riain, S. (2002). Global Ethnography. Annual Review of Sociology , 28, 271-295.

Guillot, C. (2014). Lobu Tua Sejarah Awal Barus. Pusat Arkeologi Nasional. Yayasan Obor Indonesia; Ecole Francaise d'Extreme-Orient.

Heryanto, A. (2015). Identitas dan Kenikmatan, Politik Budaya Layar Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.

Hobsbawm, E. J. (1996). Ethnicity and Nationalism in Europe Today. In G. Balakrishnan (Ed.), Mapping the Nation (p. 255). London, United Kingdom: Verso; New Left Review.

Hobsbawm, E. (1992). Nations and Nationalism Since 1780; Programme, Myth, Reality (2nd Edition ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.

Hobsbawm, E. (1983). The Invention of Tradition. (E. Hobsbawm, & T. Ranger, Eds.) Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.

I-Tsing. (1896). A Record of the Buddhist Religion as Practised in India and the Malay Archipelago (A.D. 671-695). (J. Takakusu, Trans.) London, UK: Oxford at the Clarendon Press.

Jones, T. (2015). Kebudayaan dan Keuasaan di Indonesia: Kebijakan Budaya Selama Abad Ke-20 Hingga Era Reformasi. Jakarta, Indonesia: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia; KITLV-Jakarta.

Liggett, R. M. (1982). Ancient Terqa and It's Temple in Ninkarrak; The Excavations of the Fifth and the Sixth Season. Near East Archaeological Society Bulletin , 19, 5-25.

Manguin, P.-Y. (2002). Arkeologi Awal Sriwijaya. In J. Miksic, & K. H. Saputra (Ed.),Indonesian Heritage Sejarah Awal (E. Mahyudi, Trans., Vol. 3, pp. 54-55). Jakarta:Buku Antar Bangsa.

Manguin, P.-Y. (2002). Kepudaran Kerajaan Sriwijaya. In J. Miksic, & K. H. Saputra (Ed.), Indonesia Heritage Sejarah Awal (E.Mahyudi, Trans., Vol. 3, pp. 102-103). Jakarta: Buku Antar Bangsa.

Manguin, P.-Y. (2002). Zaman Keemasan Sriwijaya. In J. Miksic, & K. H. Saputra (Ed.), Indonesian Heritage Sejarah Awal (E. Mahyudi, Trans., Vol. 3, pp. 82-83). Jakarta: Buku Antar Bangsa.

Marcus, G. E. (1995). Ethnography in/of the World System: The Emergence of Multi-sited Ethnography. Annual Review of Anthropology , 24, 95-117.

McGregor, K. E. (2003). Representing the Indonesian Past: The National Monument History Museum from Guided Democracy to the New Order. Indonesia , 75, 91-122.

Paskarina, C. (2016). Wacana Negara Maritim dan Reimajinasi Nasionalisme Indonesia. Wacana Politik - Jurnal Ilmiah Departemen Ilmu Politik Universitas Padjadjaran , 1 (1), 1-8.

Prosea Foundation. (1999). Plant Resources of South East Asia (Vol. 13). (C. De Guzman, & J. Siemonsma, Eds.) Leiden: Backhuys Publishers.

Reid, A. (2014). Asia Tenggara Dalam Kurun Niaga 1450-1680, Jilid 1: Tanah di Bawah Angin (3 ed.). Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor.

Reid, A. (2014). Asia Tenggara Dalam Kurun Niaga 1450-1680, Jilid 2: Jaringan Perdagangan Global (3 ed.). Jakarta: Yayasan Obor.

Reid, A. (2002). Indonesia: Awal Dunia Modern. In A. Reid, & K. H. Saputra (Ed.), Indonesian Heritage: Sejarah Modern Awal (M. Soerahman, Trans., Vol. 3, pp. 6-9). Jakarta, Indonesia: Buku Antar Bangsa.

Rizal, J. (2015). Mengapa Bukan Jalur Rempah? Museum Week Jalur Rempah. Jakarta:Yayasan Bina Museum Indonesia.

Soekarno. (2001). Indonesia Menggugat: Pidato Pembelaan Bung Karno di Depan Pengadilan Kolonial, Bandung 1930 (Cetakan ke-2 ed.). Jakarta: Penerbit Toko Gunung Agung.

Susanti, N. (2010). Airlangga, Biografi Raja Pembaru Jawa Pada Abad XI. Depok:Komunitas Bambu.

Taylor, J. G. (2009). The Social World of Batavia, Europeans and Eurasians in Colonial Indonesia (2nd Edition ed.). Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press.

The Journal of Southeast Asian History. (1964). Papers on Early South-East Asian History. (C. Jack-Hinton, Ed.) Singapore: The Journal of Southeast Asian History.

Thompson, E. (2012). The World beyond the Nation in Southeast Asian Museums. Sojorn:Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia , 27 (1), 54-83.

Tumanggor, R. (1999). Sistem Kepercayaan dan Pengobatan Tradisional, Studi Penggunaan Ramuan Tradisional Dalam Pengobatan Masyarakat Barus Suku Bangsa Batak Tapanuli Tengah Sumatera Utara. Jakarta:Universitas Indonesia.

Turner, J. (2011). Sejarah Rempah dari Erotisme sampai Imperialisme. (M. Y. Aravena, Ed., & J. Absari, Trans.) Jakarta, Indonesia: Komunitas Bambu.

Utomo, B. B. (2008). Belajar dari Datu Sriwijaya: Bangkitlah Kembali Bangsa Bahari. Kumpulan Makalah Seminar dan Bedah Buku Satu Abad Kebangkitan Nasional. Jakarta: Pesat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional.

Utomo, B. B., & Pradjoko, D. (2013). Atlas Pelabuhan-Pelabuhan Bersejarah di Indonesia. (E. Djaenuderadjat, Ed.) Jakarta, Indonesia: Direktorat Sejarah dan Nilai Budaya, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan RI.

Whitten, T. (2002). Keanekaragaman Flora Indonesia. In T. Whitten, J. Whitten, & K. H. Saputra (Ed.), Indonesia Heritage Tetumbuhan (K. H. Saputra, & E. A. Widjaja, Trans., Vol. 4, p. 9). Jakarta, Indonesia: Buku Antar Bangsa.

Widyarani, D. A. (2013). Wayang Orang Kalangan Elite Kunti Nalibroto. Dewa Ruci , 8 (2), 248-266.

Wirajuda, N. H. (2015). Jejak Sriwijaya di Bidang Diplomasi Budaya dan Perdagangan dalam Segitiga Kekuatan Dunia. Seminar Nasional & Pameran Jejak-Jejak Peradaban di Muara Jambi. Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Indonesia.

Wolters, O. (1967). Early Indonesia Commerce, A Study of the Origins of Sriwijaya. New York: Cornell University Press.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


e-Prosiding Pascasarjana ISBI Bandung Indexing:

      
Google Scholar