Problematika Film Alih Media: Dari Transformasi Hingga Kontroversi

Abstract

ABSTRACT

This article contains a study of film adaptation from a literature media (novel) into audio-visual media
(film). This research is a case study of Perempuan Berkalung Sorban film by Hanung Bramantyo, which
was adapted from a novel with the same title that was written by Abidah el-Khalieqy. By combining a text
analysis method from Thomas Leittch, Mathew T. Jones’ film adaptation theory and the result of interview
to confirm the text analysis, this research produced some interesting findings. The research verified that
the adaptation’s process does not merely focus on technical issue in media adaptation (from novel to
film), but also focuses on another aspects that will involve the audience i.e. a fact that text and dialogue
become references that will be appreciated by audience. As a result, there were excessive distortions and
deviations on the text that were created by the film maker caused a bias interpretation. Audiences no
longer interpreted the film as a visual text objectively. Instead, they would think about certain prejudice
against the film maker. In film adaptation, certain tendencies of film maker are easy to be predicted by
audience. This fact has caused film adaptation becomes controversial easily.

Keywords: Media Adaptation, Transformation, Opposition, Controversy

ABSTRAK

Artikel ini berisi kajian tentang alih media, yakni dari media verbal sastra (novel) kemedia visual
film. Kajian ini berupa studi kasus terhadap film Perempuan Berkalung Sorban karya Hanung
Bramantyo, yang merupakan adaptasi dari novel dengan judul sama karya Abidah el-Khalieqy.
Dengan menggunakan metode gabungan, yakni analisis teks yang berdasar pada teori adaptasi
film dari Thomas Leittch, Mathew T. Jones, dan wawancara tertulis untuk mengkonfirmasi
analisis teks tadi, kajian ini menemukan hal menarik, yakni alih media bukan sekedar persoalan
teknis pemindahan media, melainkan juga pemindahan yang menimbulkan efek-efek tertentu
bagi penonton. Apresiasi penonton dilandasi kesadaran bahwa terdapat teks lain yang menjadi
rujukan film bersangkutan. Akibatnya, distorsi dan deviasi yang terlalu jauh yang dilakukan
sutradara atas teks sumber berpotensi mengakibatkan bias pemahaman. Penonton tidak lagi
memaknai film sebagai teks visual secara objektif, tetapi juga dibarengi praduga-praduga
tertentu terhadap sutradara. Pada genre film alih media, tendensi tertentu dari sutradara mudah
dibaca penonton. Fakta ini mengakibatkan film sangat rentan menimbulkan kontroversi.

Kata Kunci: alih media, transformasi, oposisi, kontroversi